Prevalence of Obesity in Young Children with ASDs - 3025 Words

Prevalence of Obesity in Young Children with ASDs (Research Paper Sample) Content: Prevalence of Obesity in Young Children with ASDs (ASD)Students NameInstitutional AffiliationPrevalence of Obesity in Young Children with ASDsIntroductionThe information presented in this paper is influenced by the need to identify cases of overweight and obesity in young children with ASDs (ASD). Curtin, Jojic Bandini (2014) conducted a comprehensive research where about 300 young children with ASDs were reviewed. In addition, previous researches that relate to prevalence of obesity in young children with ASDs were also reviewed. The research suggested that the commonness of overweight or rather obesity in children with ASDs was high compared to typically developing children. 17.6% of children with autistic disorder had a body mass index (BMI) in the overweight range. On the same, about 21.89% had a BMI percentile in the obese range (Curtin, Jojic Bandini, 2014). According to the research, various causes of overweight and obesity related to the specific challenges and needs children with ASDs are faced in many communities. Several needs and challenges that relate to genetics, psychopharmacological treatment, eating patterns, disordered sleep, and great challenges in participating in sufficient physical activities by young children with ASDs have exposed to high risks of gaining excessive weights leading to obesity. Current Diagnostic and Assessment Procedures in Identifying these Conditions and their Current ApplicationIn order to cut down the prevalence of obesity in children that is as a result of ASDs, one ought to first seek to understand some important factors that relate to autism disorders (Egan et al., 2013). It is of extreme importance to comprehensively understand the causes, assessment and diagnostic procedures that can be implemented to reduce cases of autism disorders in young children, hence reducing instances that would lead to obesity. Generally, it would appear difficult to solve a problem which you do not actually know its c ause (Kral, Eriksen, Souders Pinto-Martin, 2013).Causes of ASDs in Young ChildrenEnvironmental factors: In this case, researchers try to argue that every person is born vulnerable to contract ASDs, but the condition develops only if one gets exposed to particular environmental factors that trigger the disorder. Egan et al. (2013) mentioned that premature birth that happens when one is born before 35 weeks of pregnancy, exposure to alcohol and cigarette smoking, poor medications such as valproate that is used to treat epilepsy during pregnancy are some of the environmental factors that can lead to ASDs. Genetic factors: Several genes that a child inherits from their parents, relatives and family members can lead to ASDs. Evans et al. (2012) asserted that a lot of children who were victims of autism disorders had a family member who had a similar disorder. For instance, younger children with ASDs have high chances of developing the condition themselves, and it was likely that identic al twins were both affected by the condition (Memari et al., 2012). Although there is no precise gene that has already been identified to cause ASDs, researchers have it that a disorder affecting a child can be found to have a root cause from one of his or her family members (Kral, Eriksen, Souders Pinto-Martin, 2013).Psychological factors: The way ASDs relate to psychology is seen from a concept based on the childs ability to understand other individuals minds. According to Suarez, Nelson Curtis (2014), psychologists argue that the ability to comprehend others mental states, recognizing that different people have different emotions, intensions and capability as well as understanding that each person has different beliefs, emotions, likes and dislikes contributes greatly to a child brain growth (Kim Leventhal, 2015). Also, Curtin, Jojic Bandini (2014) mentioned that it is believed that a lot of children who does not have ASDs have complete understanding about other peoples mind as early as four years. On the other hand, children who become victims of ASDs have limited understanding or even no understanding at all another peoples mind.Neurological factors: There is a close connection between the nervous system and the brain. A lot of medical researches that were carried regarding nerves suggested that the connection between the cerebral cortex part of the brain and the limbic system part of the nerves may have become over connected or scrambled (Egan et al., 2013). For this reason, this argument may explain the reason as to why many children, who are victims of ASDs, are intrigued by topics and activities that other children may find very boring and less engaging. Additionally, Evans et al. (2012) mentioned that young children with autism disorders are highly emotional and get irritated and upset often. As a result, they become less interactive and less talkative. Relationship between ASDs and ObesityEgan et al. (2013) asserted that understanding various ca uses of ASDs in young children was essential in establishing how the same leads to obesity. It is important to remember that ASDs is a condition where by the affected individual has problems during social interactions, communication, behaviors, and interests. One of the main causes of obesity is environmental factors that are defined by social factors. Memari et al. (2012) mentioned that the environment, in which most people are living in today, does not support healthy lifestyle. It is for the fact that a lot of people do not put sufficient time aside to participate in exercises. Instead, they are busy working the whole day and night.In the event where ASDs is mentioned, one can still argue that the victims of this condition are very dormant. It is very hard for a child suffering from ASDs to be actively involved in exercises, such as child play, moving around the house or even make his or her body parts move (Kim Leventhal, 2015). The argument explains one reason as to why many c hildren with ASDs are at a high risk of contracting obesity.Now, studies show that many young children with autism disorders have problems in communication and interaction with other members of society; it is, therefore, very evident that such children are a subject to loneliness that would lead to a lot of stress (Evans et al., 2012). Stress is just another factor that is known to cause obesity. Quite a large number of people, who were seen to have developed obesity, spent most of their time lonely (Egan et al., 2012). Their ability to interact with others was poor, thus, resulting into a lonely life. For this reason, they ate a lot more often and remained dormant some reasons that could have contributed to gaining excessive weight leading to obesity (Memari et al., 2012). According to Curtin, Jojic Bandini (2014), too much scrambling of nerves that connect to the cerebral part of the brain as discussed earlier in this paper, must significantly have led to obesity. With such a con dition, a large part of the brain is rendered inactive. As a result, there is accumulation of fats in most nervous systems that in turn leads to overweight. In addition, when the brain becomes inactive, the affected personnel in this case a young child overall becomes inactive, and his or her interaction with other children becomes poor (Kral, Eriksen, Souders Pinto-Martin, 2013). In this case, the child slowly develops obesity which becomes more pronounced with time. Signs and SymptomsKim Leventhal (2015) indicated that ASDs have a wide range of symptoms which can easily be noted when a child is still young. To start with, children with autism disorders appear to have a lot of problems with social interaction and communication. These problems relate to poor understanding of other people in regard to their feelings, emotions, and reasoning. On the same, a child suffering from ASDs is likely to have delayed language development and become very hard for him or her to start conversat ion or to take part in appropriate conversation with other children (Suarez, Nelson Curtis, 2014). Secondly, it has been noted that children who were diagnosed with ASDs had restricted and repetitive patterns of thought, physical, interests, and behaviors. These children were involved in repetitive physical movements, such as hand twisting and tapping. They were also very fond of becoming very upset especially if they were disrupted in making routine hand twisting and tapping (Egan et al., 2013). In addition, the children had learning difficulties while in school, maybe it was contributed by their limited understanding and communication.Some of the symptoms and signs of obesity that happened because of ASDs include a child starting to gain excessive weight while still at a tender age. A childs cloths feeling tight and needing a large size every time and again throughout his or her child life can also be a sign of obesity. These children accumulated a lot of fat around their waist. Lastly, obesity can be noted when the child start recording a higher than normal body mass index (BMI) (Suarez, Nelson Curtis, 2014).Diagnosing the ConditionUp to date, there is no exact cure that has been identified that can treat ASDs. However, continuous behavior support can help individuals with the condition. It is particularly helpful when one is still young. Apparently, autism signs and symptoms are easily recognized in children just before they reach the age of two or three years (Suarez, Nelson Curtis, 2014). The signs may, however, become more noticeable as they get older. Diagnosing with ASDs requires that parents and involved parties, such as relatives and guardians carefully monitor how the child grows. It is as a result of this close monitoring that they can easily identify any possible sign or symp...

The Warrior Achilles - 959 Words

The warrior Achilles, within the final year of the Trojan War, has shown why he is a skilled warrior and revved individual, nearly godlike. In addition to that, at times throughout the lliad, showing his humanity in moments that have touched him dearly. As it is portrayed throughout the lliad, when it came down between the embassies of Priam and Agamemnon’s, it would be a decision which Achilles makes ultimately for his own reasoning and benefit. It would be Priam, who would be able to sway the great Achilles in the return of his son’s body, while Agamemnon’s would ultimate fail. It would be for the reason which Priam and Achilles shared in a moment of loss for individuals they cared for deeply. That it is with the aid of Priam’s embassy, that Achilles is able to further reach in achieving his goal of honor and undying fame. The relationship or lack thereof between Achilles and Agamemnon would put them at odds constantly, both having different agendas and views in regards to the war. 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The United States And Soviet Union Essay - 1654 Words

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Environmental Law Landscapes

Question: Write about theEnvironmental Lawfor Landscapes. Answer: Introduction Many nations have benefited from landscapes in different ways. [1]However, there have been arguments in many nations on who should be given the responsibility of making sure that the landscapes are preserved. To make sure that there are defined rules on who should be accountable of the landscapes, there are laws in place that are used to guide the respective nations on what to do when it comes to matters of landscapes exactly. New Zealand is one of the many nations that have benefited from the landscape. The nation has earned a lot of money from tourists who are attracted by the physical features. With that in mind, it is evident that the question of who should be given the responsibility to guard the landscapes is eminent. The government is divided into different parts and levels with the aim of reaching the citizens on the ground. The levels of governments have different obligations and responsibilities in preserving the environment. It is for this reason that there should be clear guidelines on who exactly should take care of the environment. Such makes sure that there is someone who has been given the responsibility of looking after the physical features which are of benefit to the region and the nation. The question of who should recognize the outstanding landscapes should be tackled in different ways and from different perspectives. Outstanding Landscapes should be Recognized by a National Planning Instrument 7Though in New Zealand there lacked proper rules that were supposed to guide the government on who to look after the landscapes and manage them; the need has risen for the last few years. This is because the nation has seen the importance of having landscapes. There before, landscapes were viewed as features that only exist and there was no need to look after them. There are different reasons why the national planning instrument should recognize the outstanding landscapes. [2] Source of Income One of the primary responsibilities of any given government is to make sure that the nation earns from the resources it has. 8According to Jackson, New Zealand has already seen the results of taking good care of the environment. The fact that the outstanding landscapes have acted as tourists' attraction sites makes them an economic resource. For the government to be able to take care of its citizens, it must have resources in place. One of the most important resources is money. 15though the government may not have a full control of the tourism sector, using the natural resources it has would have a great impact on the economy of the nation. Its a Natural Feature To understand this point well, it is important to borrow an example from some of the African nations. There have been cries that most traders from Asia are trading with the African poachers. One of the most important and common African natural resources is wildlife. Just like in New Zealand, some governments in Africa pocket a lot of money from wildlife tourism. Therefore, the governments in Africa are the ones responsible for wildlife and they do all they can to protect the wildlife. Such has helped the nation in many ways.9 It is the responsibility of the nation to make sure that it looks after the well-being of the natural resources. Failure to do so, the resources might be misused which might have an effect in the future. The reason why it is good to preserve some of the resources is to make sure that the face of the history is maintained and passed from generation to another. In the given example of Africa, if nothing is done, it is more likely that the next generation will be heard of elephants and rhinos but will never see them. Such is the case that is likely to happen if the outstanding landscapes are not recognized by the national planning instrument. 16Therefore, for the sustenance of the landscapes, the inclusion of the national planning instrument is of great essence. To make Sure that the Environment is Preserved In the twenty-first century, the issue of environment pollution is common. To make sure that such does not happen, there needs to be a body in place that is given the responsibility of taking good care of the environment. 10The reason why the national planning instrument is more suitable for taking care of the landscapes is that it has the machinery putting into consideration it is funded by the national government. [3]At the same time, the national policies cannot be compared with the regional policies; they are far different and more advanced since they look after the needs of the entire nation. Bringing in the national planning instruments is making sure that the needed dedication is given to the landscapes. The outstanding landscapes of New Zealand are features known by many people all over the world. Such means that the natural resources, if not guarded, might affect the nation's reputation. It is the responsibility of the national planning instrument to do so.6 With all said and done; it is also important to state that the national planning instrument should only be dedicated to taking care of the outstanding landscapes alone. The reason for stating so is because concentrating on all landscapes might have an effect on the effectiveness of the instrument. For example, if the national planning instrument concentrated its resources on the minor landscapes, the regional planning instrument would be left without responsibility. 14At the same time, the national planning instrument will be overstretched thus affecting its effectiveness in looking after the welfare of the environment.[4] Outstanding Landscapes Should be Recognized by the Regional Planning Instrument The person who knows more about a place is the person who lives in the place. 11With such in mind, it is important to make sure that the natural resources are placed under the care of the local mechanism. There are reasons why the outstanding landscapes should be recognized by the regional planning instrument. Knowledge of the Features The person who lives in the rural New Zealand has more knowledge about the place, and the same case applies to the one living in the urban areas. With this in mind, the instrument that can be effective in taking care of the landscapes is the instrument that has more knowledge about the region. 5The local planning instrument is entrusted with the regional issues thus making it more conversant with the issues surrounding the regional affairs. The landscapes should be protected from the potential threats. Though the government has the machinery to make sure that the landscapes are preserved, the regional leadership is on the ground thus in a more suitable place to make sure that the natural resources are protected and guarded. More Concern In some nations, physical features are a heritage that the residents hold dearly in their hearts. 3Some residents take the preservation of the features serious. Therefore, a regional planning instrument is likely to make sure that the resource is not over-exploited. [5]At the same time, when a feature in a specific region is over exploited, the region tends to be affected. Because the regional members do not want to have a bad reputation, they are likely to give the local leadership an easy time in looking after the welfare of the natural features.[6] Sense of Belonging The landscapes are natural features, and that means that they cannot migrate. For many years, the residents of a region live with the features, and that makes the communities and the features part and parcel of the region. Therefore, when a body from the locality is given a responsibility of taking care of the environment, it is more likely that the body does it with all the zeal, and it is determined to make sure that the features are well taken care of. It is for this reason that the regional planning instrument should recognize the outstanding landscapes. 4By so doing, the attention that will be given to the landscapes will be out of good will. At the same time, it is good to look at the whole issue from a financial perspective. The sustenance of a natural resource does not come without a cost. 1Therefore, it is more likely for the national body to spend more resources in taking care of the landscapes. However, the case is different when it comes to the regional body. This is beca use the operations of the regional body are concentrated around the landscapes thus needing fewer resources to attend to attend to any matter related to the landscapes. Conclusion It is evident that landscapes play a crucial role in the development of any given region. The issue of who should recognize the precious resource is still a dilemma. However, both the national planning instrument and the regional planning instrument have a responsibility to play in preserving the environment. With this in mind, it is difficult to make a judgment of who should utilize the resources. The bottom line is that the outstanding landscapes must be guarded if the nation is aimed at preserving its environment and heritage. 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Rewi, E, The New Zealand Plant Conservation Network (Journal of the Australian Network for Plant Conservation, 2015) p.20. Salmon, R, Priestley, R, A Future for Public Engagement with Science of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2015) pp.101-07. Simon, S, Winchester, H, Pathways to Sustainable Landscape Management: Peer Recognition as an Indicator of Effective "Soft Actions." (Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 2016) pp.14-23.