The United States And Soviet Union Essay - 1654 Words

The 1980’s were a dynamic time in the life cycle of the Cold War. The early portion of this decade, which saw massive shifts in the administrations of the United States and Soviet Union, maintained an atmosphere of suspicion, wariness, and skepticism. This theme of uncertainty and caution was the logical product of decades of both American and Soviet duplicity, confrontation, and militarization. Yet, despite this mistrust between the polar Cold War belligerents, and contrary to the early rhetoric of the Reagan administration, the United States and Soviet Union modified their perceptions of each other’s intentions following 1985’s Reykjavik Summit, which, despite producing no tangible results, established common desire for arms reduction and a conclusion of the Cold War. This warming of relations, however, increased at a gradual rate and encountered significant hurdles as the two nations attempted to limit the potential for thermonuclear war. Ultimately, Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev’s â€Å"dialogue of the eyes† transitioned from one administration to the next, while also weathering significant domestic pressures as the United Soviet Socialist Republic disintegrated. Doubt and insecurity largely characterized the Cold War in the late-1970s and early stages of the Reagan presidency. Following the rise and fall of dà ©tente, the collapse of the Nixon administration, and the expansion of alarmist groups such as the Committee on the Present Danger, the Soviet Union andShow MoreRelatedUnited States And Soviet Union1221 Words   |  5 PagesFollowing World War II there was a lot of tension between two of the Allied countries. The United States and the Soviet Union were in a state of political and military tension with each other. Opposing ideologies on how to deal with the world’s affairs post World War II fueled this rivalry but there was always a tension between the two countries. World War II, with its common goal, brought these two countries together as allies. With Hitler and the Nazis threating their way of living these two countriesRead MoreThe United States And The Soviet Union927 Words   |  4 Pagescapitalist nations, those nation s being the United States and its allies. The second group consisted of the Communist nations led by the Soviet Union. The â€Å"Third World’ consisted of the now developing nations, often newly independent and they were neither aligned with the United States or The Soviet Union. These newly developing countries would prove to be another area for the Cold War superpowers to compete amongst themselves. Both the United States and the Soviet Union would affect how these Third WorldRead MoreUnited States And The Soviet Union1651 Words   |  7 PagesMr. Sutton 7 April, 2017 DBQ After the World War II, the tension between both the United States and the Soviet Union were extremely high. This mistrust between the two nations led to the Cold War that had lasted approximately 45 years before ending in 1991. Although the war had ended, Americans were still in fear of the spreading of communism that may affect their society as a whole. Americans also feared the Soviet Union’s new technological advances such as the launch of Sputnik in 1957. In responseRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The United States919 Words   |  4 PagesAt the end of World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States were allies of convenience; they had dissimilar goals, but shared a common enemy (the Axis powers). The Soviet Union s government was much closer to Germany s than America s in ideas and practice, and when the war ended these differences in world view between the countries became seemingly irreconcilable. At the Yalta Conference in February, 1945, Russia and the other major Allied powers had all agreed that, once the war was overRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The United States1603 Words   |  7 Pagesearly 1960s, the popular and political climate in the United States changed. The relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States was directed by ideological, political and technological factors. The rivalry between the two powers rooted from their contrasting ideological principles since the United States was a democratic republic where the people believed that every citizen had equal representation in the government and the Soviet Union was a communist nation. The US embodied the principlesRead MoreThe United States And The Soviet Union921 Words   |  4 Pagesand China relate with countries such as Soviet Union, Vietnam, Taiwan and the United States. How did Mao and China approached and reapproached the United States and the world. So after china said it stood up, it start ed great relationship with the United States and the Soviet Union. Then it all started to deteriorated in the 1960’s and relations between China and the United states soured. It even soured worse with the Soviet Union, which caused the Sino/Soviet split. Which is why China had a shakyRead MoreThe United States And The Soviet Union1356 Words   |  6 Pages Following WWII the United States and it’s citizens longed for a century of peace, but due to the rise in Communism in Asia it was clearly not meant to be. The Korean and Vietnam Wars established the US as â€Å"the world’s policemen† even though the purpose of the wars were to prevent the spread of Communism. By taking part in these wars the United States’s relationship with the Soviet Union reached a boiling point in the Cuban Missile Crisis, but was finally defused and the world was spared of a nuclearRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The United States881 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War, the Soviet Union and the United States became the most notorious superpowers in modern world history. They dominated the globe economically, politically, and militarily. Although the USSR and the United States worked together to defeat Nazism and Japanese Imperialism in the 1930s and 1940s, they were weary of each other. For example, the USSR employed a communist, government controlled economy, and arguably an authoritarian system of government, meanwhile the United States had a free-marketRead MoreThe United States And The Soviet Union899 Words   |  4 PagesAt the end of the World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged from the war as the world’s two leading superpowers. In the post war world, the U.S. and the Soviet Union both engaged in a Cold War aiming to have the most influence around the globe through the spread of their res pective ideologies (communism and capitalism) and political systems (representative democracy and socialism). One particular place where this struggle for influence was seen was Latin America, specifically ChileRead MoreThe United States And The Soviet Union1733 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The United States and the Soviet Union had fought together as allies against Nazi Germany during World War II. When the war had ended, the Soviet Union had maintained a large presence in much of Eastern and Central Europe. Communist governments, allied with the Soviet Union, were soon established within this region. Winston Churchill, who had served as British Prime Minister during World War II, had warned that an â€Å"iron curtain† divided Western and Eastern Europe. He was fearful communism

Environmental Law Landscapes

Question: Write about theEnvironmental Lawfor Landscapes. Answer: Introduction Many nations have benefited from landscapes in different ways. [1]However, there have been arguments in many nations on who should be given the responsibility of making sure that the landscapes are preserved. To make sure that there are defined rules on who should be accountable of the landscapes, there are laws in place that are used to guide the respective nations on what to do when it comes to matters of landscapes exactly. New Zealand is one of the many nations that have benefited from the landscape. The nation has earned a lot of money from tourists who are attracted by the physical features. With that in mind, it is evident that the question of who should be given the responsibility to guard the landscapes is eminent. The government is divided into different parts and levels with the aim of reaching the citizens on the ground. The levels of governments have different obligations and responsibilities in preserving the environment. It is for this reason that there should be clear guidelines on who exactly should take care of the environment. Such makes sure that there is someone who has been given the responsibility of looking after the physical features which are of benefit to the region and the nation. The question of who should recognize the outstanding landscapes should be tackled in different ways and from different perspectives. Outstanding Landscapes should be Recognized by a National Planning Instrument 7Though in New Zealand there lacked proper rules that were supposed to guide the government on who to look after the landscapes and manage them; the need has risen for the last few years. This is because the nation has seen the importance of having landscapes. There before, landscapes were viewed as features that only exist and there was no need to look after them. There are different reasons why the national planning instrument should recognize the outstanding landscapes. [2] Source of Income One of the primary responsibilities of any given government is to make sure that the nation earns from the resources it has. 8According to Jackson, New Zealand has already seen the results of taking good care of the environment. The fact that the outstanding landscapes have acted as tourists' attraction sites makes them an economic resource. For the government to be able to take care of its citizens, it must have resources in place. One of the most important resources is money. 15though the government may not have a full control of the tourism sector, using the natural resources it has would have a great impact on the economy of the nation. Its a Natural Feature To understand this point well, it is important to borrow an example from some of the African nations. There have been cries that most traders from Asia are trading with the African poachers. One of the most important and common African natural resources is wildlife. Just like in New Zealand, some governments in Africa pocket a lot of money from wildlife tourism. Therefore, the governments in Africa are the ones responsible for wildlife and they do all they can to protect the wildlife. Such has helped the nation in many ways.9 It is the responsibility of the nation to make sure that it looks after the well-being of the natural resources. Failure to do so, the resources might be misused which might have an effect in the future. The reason why it is good to preserve some of the resources is to make sure that the face of the history is maintained and passed from generation to another. In the given example of Africa, if nothing is done, it is more likely that the next generation will be heard of elephants and rhinos but will never see them. Such is the case that is likely to happen if the outstanding landscapes are not recognized by the national planning instrument. 16Therefore, for the sustenance of the landscapes, the inclusion of the national planning instrument is of great essence. To make Sure that the Environment is Preserved In the twenty-first century, the issue of environment pollution is common. To make sure that such does not happen, there needs to be a body in place that is given the responsibility of taking good care of the environment. 10The reason why the national planning instrument is more suitable for taking care of the landscapes is that it has the machinery putting into consideration it is funded by the national government. [3]At the same time, the national policies cannot be compared with the regional policies; they are far different and more advanced since they look after the needs of the entire nation. Bringing in the national planning instruments is making sure that the needed dedication is given to the landscapes. The outstanding landscapes of New Zealand are features known by many people all over the world. Such means that the natural resources, if not guarded, might affect the nation's reputation. It is the responsibility of the national planning instrument to do so.6 With all said and done; it is also important to state that the national planning instrument should only be dedicated to taking care of the outstanding landscapes alone. The reason for stating so is because concentrating on all landscapes might have an effect on the effectiveness of the instrument. For example, if the national planning instrument concentrated its resources on the minor landscapes, the regional planning instrument would be left without responsibility. 14At the same time, the national planning instrument will be overstretched thus affecting its effectiveness in looking after the welfare of the environment.[4] Outstanding Landscapes Should be Recognized by the Regional Planning Instrument The person who knows more about a place is the person who lives in the place. 11With such in mind, it is important to make sure that the natural resources are placed under the care of the local mechanism. There are reasons why the outstanding landscapes should be recognized by the regional planning instrument. Knowledge of the Features The person who lives in the rural New Zealand has more knowledge about the place, and the same case applies to the one living in the urban areas. With this in mind, the instrument that can be effective in taking care of the landscapes is the instrument that has more knowledge about the region. 5The local planning instrument is entrusted with the regional issues thus making it more conversant with the issues surrounding the regional affairs. The landscapes should be protected from the potential threats. Though the government has the machinery to make sure that the landscapes are preserved, the regional leadership is on the ground thus in a more suitable place to make sure that the natural resources are protected and guarded. More Concern In some nations, physical features are a heritage that the residents hold dearly in their hearts. 3Some residents take the preservation of the features serious. Therefore, a regional planning instrument is likely to make sure that the resource is not over-exploited. [5]At the same time, when a feature in a specific region is over exploited, the region tends to be affected. Because the regional members do not want to have a bad reputation, they are likely to give the local leadership an easy time in looking after the welfare of the natural features.[6] Sense of Belonging The landscapes are natural features, and that means that they cannot migrate. For many years, the residents of a region live with the features, and that makes the communities and the features part and parcel of the region. Therefore, when a body from the locality is given a responsibility of taking care of the environment, it is more likely that the body does it with all the zeal, and it is determined to make sure that the features are well taken care of. It is for this reason that the regional planning instrument should recognize the outstanding landscapes. 4By so doing, the attention that will be given to the landscapes will be out of good will. At the same time, it is good to look at the whole issue from a financial perspective. The sustenance of a natural resource does not come without a cost. 1Therefore, it is more likely for the national body to spend more resources in taking care of the landscapes. However, the case is different when it comes to the regional body. This is beca use the operations of the regional body are concentrated around the landscapes thus needing fewer resources to attend to attend to any matter related to the landscapes. Conclusion It is evident that landscapes play a crucial role in the development of any given region. The issue of who should recognize the precious resource is still a dilemma. However, both the national planning instrument and the regional planning instrument have a responsibility to play in preserving the environment. With this in mind, it is difficult to make a judgment of who should utilize the resources. The bottom line is that the outstanding landscapes must be guarded if the nation is aimed at preserving its environment and heritage. Bibliography Anita, S, Cultural Landscapes in the Pacific Islands: The 2007 ICOMOS Thematic Study. (Safeguarding Precious Resources for Island Communities, 2014)pp.52-59. David, C, Sacred Sites, Sacred Places. Vol 23 (London: Routledge, 2013) David, G., 2016. Horizontal and Vertical Integration of Sustainability into Policymaking, Planning, and Implementation of Renewable Energy (Legal Aspects of Sustainable Development. Springer International Publishing, 2016).423-48. Douglas, P, Destination Management in New Zealand: Structures and Functions (Journal of Destination Marketing Management, 2015) 1-12. Duempelmann, S, John, Women, Modernity and Landscape Architecture (London: Routledge, 2015) Hobbs, A, Connection to Place (Australian Garden History, 2014) 26(2), 19. Ian, Y, Una, M, New Zealand Tourism: Which Direction Would it take? (Tourism Recreation Research, 2014) 415-35. Jackson, J, Recognizing Outstanding Natural Landscapes Under the RMA (New Zealand: Environment Court of New Zealand, n.d) James, B, Landscape, Natural Character, Aquaculture and the NZKS Supreme Court Decision: Australasian Coasts and Ports 2015 (22nd Australasian Coastal and Engineering Conference and the 15th Australasian Port and Harbour Conference, 2015) James, R, Predator Free New Zealand: Conservation Country (Bioscience, 2015) p 2015. Kaiser, M, Aquaculture and the Precautionary Principle in the New Zealand Supreme Court (Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015) pp.75-81. Michelle, C, Picard, S, Future Values: Addressing the Moving Target of Sustainable Cultural Landscapes (International Journal of Society Systems, 2015) pp.352-67. 13Myers, S, Wetland Management in New Zealand: Are Current Approaches and Policies Sustaining Wetland Ecosystems in Agricultural Landscapes?(Ecological Engineering, 2013) pp.107-20. Rewi, E, The New Zealand Plant Conservation Network (Journal of the Australian Network for Plant Conservation, 2015) p.20. Salmon, R, Priestley, R, A Future for Public Engagement with Science of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2015) pp.101-07. Simon, S, Winchester, H, Pathways to Sustainable Landscape Management: Peer Recognition as an Indicator of Effective "Soft Actions." (Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 2016) pp.14-23.

Presidetial Election 2000 Essays - Al Gore, , Term Papers

Presidetial Election 2000 The two main candidates for the election of 2000 are George W. Bush and Al Gore. Al Gore, of course, being the current Vice President. I have never been into the whole politics game. But, know that I am 18 years old I feel I should start paying more attention to political issues. I don't know if I am going to vote this year, and if I did I don't know who I would vote for. I really don't know much about either canditate. All I know is that Gore is Vice President to Clinton, and we all know how most people feel about Clinton. In order for me to make a judgment on who I am going to vote for I would like to know where each canditate satnds on different political issues. Some of the issues I will be covering are abortion, crime, drugs, education, environment, and gun control. These are the issues I am most interested in, and I would like a president who agrees with me on a good portion of these issues. To start off, I am going to state where I stand on each of the isssues. I then will sate where each presidential canditate stands on each issue. The first topic I would like to discuss is abortion. Abortion is kind of a big thing to me. I am one of those who is against abortion. I feel abortion is kind of like murder. I know it is easy for me to say that abortion is wrong, because I have never gotten a girl pregnant before. I understand that some tees make mistakes and want to correct those mistakes. But, I feel more people should stand up for their mistakes and take some action. Instead of having the baby aborted, the parents should put the child up for adoption. What if that kid was going to come up with a cure for cancer? I bet the parents would not want o abort the child then. Abortion is one area I agree with Bush. Bush wants to cut down the amount of abortions given out the whole year. Bush also wants to turn the choice of having abortions over to the state. Gore, on the other hand, wants to leave the choice in the woman's hand. He feels it is up to her to decide whether or not to have an abortion. Gore also wants medicare to pay for abortions. I feel that it is totally wrong for the government to support the murder of an unborn child. I have to say that I am a little disappointed that neither canditate is taking a direct stand against abortion. Although I agree with Bush more than Gore I feel both candidates are trying to steer around the abortion topic. The next issue I would like to discuss is crime. As we all know crime is a big problem in our country. I am in favor of adding more funding to increase police officers pay and to increase the overall bettering of policing across the country. I feel police officers are extremely under paid for the jobs that they do. Crime is one issue I agree with Gore on. Gore wants to intensify the fight against crime. He wants to add 50000 more police to the streets in the next 10 years. Bush on the other hand didn't have too much in speaking out against crimes. Both candidates support having the death penalty. But, only Gore states that he wants to have the death penalty for the killing of a federal officer. I like that idea because it shows that Gore is going to protect his own. The next issue I am going to discuss ties in with the previous issue of crime, drugs. Drugs are a huge problem right now in our society. Almost everyone I know has done a drug at some point in their lives. I know growing up in Chicago I came across a lot of people with a drug problem. But, it is not only in the city where drug use occurs. It happens in the suburbs, the farms, and everywhere else. The fight against drugs is an area I feel

Aftermath of World War 1 - Treaty of Versailles

Aftermath of World War 1 - Treaty of Versailles The World Comes to Paris In the wake of the November 11, 1918 armistice which ended hostilities on the Western Front, Allied leaders gathered in Paris to begin negotiations over the peace treaties that would formally conclude the war. Convening in the Salle de lHorloge at the French Foreign Ministry on January 18, 1919, the talks initially included leaders and representatives from over thirty nations. To this crowd was added a host of journalists and lobbyists from a variety of causes. While this unwieldy mass took part in the early meetings, it was President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Britain, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, and Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy who came to dominate the talks. As defeated nations, Germany, Austria, and Hungary were prohibited from attending, as was Bolshevik Russia which was in the midst of a civil war. Wilsons Goals Arriving in Paris, Wilson became the first president to travel to Europe while in office. The basis for Wilsons position at the conference was his Fourteen Points which had been instrumental in securing the armistice. Key among these was freedom of the seas, equality of trade, arms limitation, self-determination of peoples, and the formation of the League of Nations to mediate future disputes. Believing that he had an obligation to be a prominent figure at the conference, Wilson endeavored to create a more open and liberal world where democracy and liberty would be respected. French Concerns for the Conference While Wilson sought a softer peace for Germany, Clemenceau and the French wished to permanently weaken their neighbor economically and militarily. In addition to the return of Alsace-Lorraine, which had been taken by Germany following the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), Clemenceau argued in favor of heavy war reparations and the separation of the Rhineland to create buffer state between France and Germany. Furthermore, Clemenceau sought British and American assurances of aid should Germany ever attack France. The British Approach While Lloyd George supported the need for war reparations, his goals for the conference were more specific than his American and French allies. Concerned first and foremost for the preservation of the British Empire, Lloyd George sought to settle territorial issues, ensure the security of France, and remove the threat of the German High Seas Fleet. While he favored the formation of the League of Nations, he discouraged Wilsons call for self-determination as it could adversely affect Britains colonies. Italys Goals The weakest of the four major victorious powers, Italy sought to ensure that it received the territory that it had been promised by the Treaty of London in 1915. This largely consisted of the Trentino, Tyrol (including Istria and Trieste), and the Dalmatian coast excluding Fiume. Heavy Italian losses and a severe budget deficit as a result of the war led to a belief that these concessions had been earned. During the talks in Paris, Orlando was constantly hampered by his inability to speak English. The Negotiations For the early part of the conference, many of the key decisions were made by the Council of Ten which was comprised of the leaders and foreign ministers of the United States, Britain, France, Italy, and Japan. In March, it was decided that this body was too unwieldy to be effective. As a result, many of the foreign ministers and nations left conference, with talks continuing between Wilson, Lloyd George, Clemenceau, and Orlando. Key among the departures was Japan, whose emissaries were angered by a lack of respect and the conferences unwillingness to adopt a racial equality clause for the Covenant of the League of Nations. The group shrank further when the Italy was offered Trentino to the Brenner, the Dalmatian port of Zara, the island of Lagosta, and a few small German colonies in lieu of what was originally promised. Irate over this and the groups unwillingness to give Italy Fiume, Orlando departed Paris and returned home. As the talks progressed, Wilson was increasingly unable to garner acceptance of his Fourteen Points. In an effort to appease the American leader, Lloyd George and Clemenceau consented to the formation of the League of Nations. With several of the participants goals conflicting, the talks moved slowly and ultimately produced a treaty which failed to please any of the nations involved. On April 29, a German delegation, led by Foreign Minister Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau, was summoned to Versailles to receive the treaty. Upon learning of the content, the Germans protested that they had not been allowed to participate in the talks. Deeming the treatys terms a violation of honor, they withdrew from the proceedings. Terms of the Treaty of Versailles The conditions imposed upon Germany by the Treaty of Versailles were severe and wide-ranging. Germanys military was to be limited to 100,000 men, while the once formidable Kaiserliche Marine was reduced to no more than six battleships (not to exceed 10,000 tons), 6 cruisers, 6 destroyers, and 12 torpedo boats. In addition, production of military aircraft, tanks, armored cars, and poison gas was prohibited. Territorially, Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, while numerous other changes reduced Germanys size. Key among these was the loss of West Prussia to the new nation of Poland while Danzig was made a free city to ensure Polish access to the sea. The province of Saarland was transferred to League of Nations control for a period of fifteen years. At the end of this period, a plebiscite was to determine whether it returned to Germany or was made part of France. Financially, Germany was issued a war reparations bill totaling  £6.6 billion (later reduced to  £4.49 billion in 1921). This number was determined by the Inter-Allied Reparations Commission. While Wilson took a more conciliatory view on this issue, Lloyd George had worked to increase the demanded amount. The reparations required by the treaty included not only money, but a variety of goods such as steel, coal, intellectual property, and agricultural produce. This mixed approach was an effort to prevent hyperinflation in postwar Germany which would decrease the value of the reparations. Several legal restrictions were also imposed, most notably Article 231 which laid sole responsibility for the war on Germany. A controversial part of the treaty, its inclusion had been opposed by Wilson and it became known as the War Guilt Clause. Part 1 of the treaty formed the Covenant of the League of Nations which was to govern the new international organization. German Reaction Signing In Germany, the treaty provoked universal outrage, particularly Article 231. Having concluded the armistice in expectation of a treaty embodying the Fourteen Points, Germans took to the streets in protest. Unwilling to sign it, the nations first democratically-elected chancellor, Philipp Scheidemann, resigned on June 20 forcing Gustav Bauer to form a new coalition government. Assessing his options, Bauer was soon informed that army was not capable of offering meaningful resistance. Lacking any other options, he dispatched Foreign Minister Hermann Mà ¼ller and Johannes Bell to Versailles. The treaty was signed in the Hall of Mirrors, where the German Empire had been proclaimed in 1871, on June 28. It was ratified by the National Assembly on July 9. Allied Reaction to the Treaty Upon release of the terms, many in France were displeased and believed that Germany had been treated too leniently. Among those who commented was Marshal Ferdinand Foch who predicted with eerie precision that This is not Peace. It is an Armistice for twenty years. As a result of their displeasure, Clemenceau was voted out of office in January 1920. While the treaty was better received in London, it ran into strong opposition in Washington. The Republican chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, worked vigorously to block its ratification. Believing that Germany had been let off too easily, Lodge also opposed the United States participation in the League of Nations on constitutional grounds. As Wilson had intentionally excluded Republicans from his peace delegation and refused to consider Lodges changes to the treaty, the opposition found strong support in Congress. Despite Wilsons efforts and appeals to the public, the Senate voted against the tr eaty on November 19, 1919. The US formally made peace through the Knox-Porter Resolution which was passed in 1921. Though Wilsons League of Nations moved forward, it did so without American participation and never became an effective arbiter of world peace. The Map Changed While the Treaty of Versailles ended conflict with Germany, the Treaties of Saint-German and Trianon concluded the war with Austria and Hungary. With the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire a wealth of new nations took shape in addition to the separation of Hungary and Austria. Key among these was Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. To the north, Poland emerged as an independent state as did Finland, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. In the east, the Ottoman Empire made peace through the Treaties of Sà ¨vres and Lausanne. Long the sick man of Europe, the Ottoman Empire was reduced in size to Turkey, while France and Britain were given mandates over Syria, Mesopotamia, and Palestine. Having aided the aided in defeating the Ottomans, the Arabs were given their own state to the south. A Stab in the Back As the postwar Germany (Weimer Republic) moved forward, resentment over the end of the war and the Treaty of Versailles continued to fester. This coalesced in the stab-in-the back legend which stated that Germanys defeat was not the fault of the military but rather due to a lack of support at home from anti-war politicians and the sabotaging of the war effort by Jews, Socialists, and Bolsheviks. As such, these parties were seen to have stabbed the military in the back as it fought the Allies. The myth was given further credence by the fact that German forces had won the war on the Eastern Front and were still on French and Belgian soil when the armistice was signed. Resonating among conservatives, nationalists, and former-military, the concept became a powerful motivating force and was embraced by the emerging National Socialist Party (Nazis). This resentment, coupled with the economic collapse of Germany due to reparation-caused hyperinflation during the 1920s, facilitated the rise of the Nazis to power under Adolf Hitler. As such, the Treaty of Versailles may be seen as leading to many of the causes of World War II in Europe. As Foch had feared, the treaty simply served as a twenty-year armistice with World War II beginning in 1939.

Obesity and Physical Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obesity and Physical Activity - Essay Example In fact, of a recent study done on city ranking, which ranks some of the largest metro areas against each-other, the Twin Cities ranked 46 out of 46 for levels of deaths associated with Heart Disease. The actual count comes down to 109 deaths per 100,000 people, compared to the number 1 city (which is Detroit) having 236.4 heart disease deaths per 100,000 people 2. There are multiple reasons why the levels are so low, but probably one of the largest reasons has to be the low levels of air pollution and the emphasis on physical activity within the Metro Area. Many schools across the metro have been cracking down on teaching students about physical activity, and often there is not much else to do in the winter time anyway. A lot of people love to take walks early in the morning to get used to the cold so that it doesn't bother them throughout the rest of the day. Not only that, but the community has become strongly involved in the spread of information about obesity and physical activity. In fact, there is a number you can call to hook up with Health Partners in the Twin Cities and speak about obesity as well as request several documents and fliers to hand out to people. Health Partners also offers educational training courses and public announcements as well through this hot-line.

Construction of identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Construction of identity - Essay Example In the period from 1950 to 1990, the unidimensionl identity of modern women ws replced by bidimensionl identity (Nicholson, 1997:380), phenomenon observed lso in other countries (Woodwrd, 1997:240). In generl, women's lbor force prticiption incresed drmticlly during the twentieth century, nd in recent yers, the continuity of women's creers hs lso risen. Mny women becoming mothers now hve greter occsion to develop nd vest themselves in nonfmilil identities thn did women in the pst. But mny of the culturl chnges tht hve ccompnied economic nd demogrphic chnges mke the question of how to live s n dult problemtic in new wys for such women. Prentl roles re no longer tken to define the mening of womn's dult life or of couple's reltionship. Current culturl rhetorics of individulism men tht, mong the middle clss, it is no longer pproprite for dults to scrifice themselves for their spouses or their children; insted the individul is offered culturl imges of self-reliztion nd of "finding one's self" s guides to identity nd the mening of life. Such chnges in the menings of womnhood nd motherhood, however, re contested. Kaplan (1984:112) points out tht conflict over the socil representtion of motherhood s optionl rther thn centrl in women's lives lies t the hert of the politicl debtes on bortion in the United Sttes. Tody Tody's motherhood is more complex nd diverse in mening. Kpln (1992) speks in this regrd of "postmodern" motherhood. The Mdonn imge--representing the scrificing mother-hs been supplemented with the Creer women imge (Kpln, 1992:115). ccording to Crmer (1997), young mothers re well wre of the conflict between trditionl nd modern models of mother hood. In the view of Hys (1996), mothers tody fce two socilly constructed imges, tht is, tht of the "trditionl" mother-who stys t home nd dedictes ll her energy to the fmily--nd tht of the successful "supermom": The ll-round mother who hs "briefcse" qulities. She not only mnges the household nd rises the children, but lso hs her own creer. With respect to the described chnges within society, it is of interest to investigte how tody's dolescent girls nd young women conceptulize motherhood. The trditionl imge is extended with modern imge of motherhood.The representtion of motherhood s primrily biologicl reltionship conceled the gendered politics of socil nd "nturl" reltions. In Western cultures, women's "embodied humnity," most clerly symboliclly expressed by their biologicl cpcity to mother, hs been used to exclude them from "true humnity"-to relegte them to sphere perceived to be outside history, society, nd reson: tht is, "to nture" (Woodwrd, 1997:242). Nture nd womn were both culturlly ssocited nd empiriclly devlued.Feminist nlyses, however, drw even deeper implictions from these culturl ssocitions nd dulisms. Ecofeminism, for exmple, exposes the wys in which gendered constructions of "humn" (msculine) nd "nonhumn" nture hve been embedded in the emergence of modern sciences nd the ssocited politicl-economic reltions of industriliztion nd coloniztion.Ptrirchl conceptions of womn nd nture, they rgue, re t the hert of destructive ecologicl prctices s well s of the oppressive gender, clss, nd rce reltions on which they re built (Kpln, 1992:115). Not surprisingly, mny contemporry feminists re rethinking motherhood. For the nlysis of motherhood, s Hys (1996) points out, hs the

Genetic Information Essay Example for Free

Genetic Information Essay The goal of this essay is to determine whether the information presented within it could be considered a violation or a non-violation of the GINA of 2008. A case study has been determined to be a method to learn about a complex instance. This information is based on understanding the detailed instance and analyzing the context as a whole. I will be briefly discussing this case study. The GINA legislation had unanimous support when it was signed into law by President Bush. This case study is broken down into many different stories that focus on GINA. The Act was voted into Congress in 2008 (Hudson, Holohan, Collins, 2014). Case studies also describes an analyses of persons, events, decisions, periods, projects, policies, institutions, or other systems that are studied. GINA is being described as promoting genetic research and preventive screening, safeguard medical privacy, and prevent unfair treatment of individuals based on traits that are linked to diseases (Hudson, Holohan, Collins, 2014). There was talk about the threat that arises from the Supreme Court’s federalism revolution of 1995-2001. Chief Justice Rehnquist took greater strides in placing a limit on the power of Congress. These rules affected the Tenth, Eleventh, and Fourteenth Amendments along with the Commerce Clause that would balance the power of the state and federal (Tobin, 2008). It is stated in the fact sheet that â€Å"GINA expands the genetic information protections included in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). HIPAA prevents a plan or issuer from imposing a preexisting condition exclusion provision based solely on genetic information, and prohibits discrimination in individual eligibility, benefits, or premiums based on any health factor (including genetic information)† (United States Department of Labor, 2009). Surveys was taken from 50 states that relied on the Bureau of Labor Statistics. These surveys showed disparities in private sector leave and  gender differences. Arguments are made over the distinction based on the level of scrutiny (Tobin, 2008). GINA was first introduced in 1995 in response to concerns about the misuse of information regarding genetic predispositions to various diseases. The bill sought to help those that was applying for insurance to keep them from being denied. According to GINA the analysis went wrong in some aspect of employment. The Supreme Court’s Section 5 jurisprudence insofar as they provide remedies for state employees (Tobin, 2008). It is also unlawful for a covered entity to disclose genetic information about applicants, employees or members. Covered entities must keep genetic information confidential and in a separate medical file (Tobin, 2008). There are limited exceptions to this non-disclosure rule, such as exceptions that provide for the disclosure of relevant genetic information to government officials investigating compliance with Title II of GINA and for disclosures made pursuant to a court order (Tobin, 2008). When it comes down to any type of employment the law forbids discrimination on the basis of genetic information which include hiring, firing, pay, job assignments, promotions, layoffs, training, fringe benefits, or any other type of employment. An employer should never use genetic information to make an employment decision because genetic information is not relevant to an individuals ability to work at any time (Tobin, 2008). A goal of the policy is to protect equality and privacy of an employer that lose their jobs as a result to genetic testing. According to Kimel and Garrett evidence that Congress collected is of no concern because it’s only in the private sector and not by state. Some states argued that being flexible to GINA is not consistent with the Court’s (Tobin, 2008). Instances in these cases shows the analysis of the areas that are considered too went wrong with GINA. For instance, courts need to apply heightened constitutional scrutiny to genetic discrimination. This will keep states from arguing against them and win stating its insufficient data. Another examples is there is a strong case for abrogating sovereign immunity in those cases where employers rely on the information that is took from genetic testing that has been linked to racial or ethnic backgrounds. The last reason is the provisions that uphold GINA’S privacy in 5 legislations has an uncertainty about it not being strong enough to work against state  employment. The Voting Rights Act Reauthorization Act was created in 2006 to place jurisdictions on the voting history of racial discrimination. The research from this act allowed congress to take action towards making decisions on these issues. Approval would have to come from the attorney General or a federal court. This pro vision help minority voters the ability to vote and make their voice heard through the election process (Tobin, 2008). Another concern was about racial profiling policies and procedures that needed to be changed to prohibit police from unjustly stereotyping individuals (Tobin, 2008). This bill called End Racial Profiling Act was entered into the legislations by Rep. John Conyers and Sen. Russ Feingold in 2001. The courts shouldn’t have invalidated the civil rights as it did because it didn’t put enough force on change for minorities. It has hesitantly enforced the rights of persecuted minorities and in many ways it has changed the face of the United States law and politics. I determined that GINA has been cited as a strong step forward, but I believe that the legislation does not go far enough in enabling personal control over genetic testing results. In conclusion, these cases have changed the livelihood of many people but more need to be done for better congressional. Some Courts have supported equal right while other decisions have hindered them. References Tobin, H. (2008). The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008: A Case Study of the Need For Better Congressional Responses to Federalism Jurisprudence. Retrieved from Ashford University. Hudson, K., Holohan, M. K., Collins, F. (2014). Keeping Pace with the Times – The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008. Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0803964 United States Department of Labor (2009). Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.dol.gov/ebsa/newsroom/fsGINA.html